Hospitals and care homes can legally restrict the freedom of people who can't make decisions for themselves to provide care and treatment. To do this, they must follow the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS). If you or someone you know is facing restrictions that you think are unfair, we may be able to help.

Get in touch with our team today - call us or fill out our online contact form and we'll get back to you.

Most of the time, hospitals and care homes can only provide treatment to adults if they consent to it. Some people with mental health conditions, brain injuries, and other medical problems might not be able to give consent or make decisions about their care. In these cases, the caregiver can apply for authorisation to restrain the person, or prevent them from leaving their placement, to provide the care and treatment they need.

This is called a 'deprivation of liberty' and the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards set out rules that care homes and hospitals must follow when they limit people's freedom in this way. The safeguards state that any deprivation of liberty is in the person's best interests and is formally authorised by independent professionals.

Our Public Law & Human Rights team can help with:

  • Challenging an existing deprivation of liberty authorisation for you or someone you know
  • Challenging unauthorised deprivation of liberty
  • Appealing decisions in the Court of Protection
  • Making a compensation claim against those responsible for wrongful deprivation of liberty.

When would I need to make a court application?

Until 2014, people living in supported accommodation or their own homes didn’t have the same protective measures as those in care homes and hospital. In these cases, deprivation of liberty is authorised via an assessment process under the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DOLS).

People in supported living or living in their own homes can have just as much restriction placed on their personal freedom as those in care homes. For example, a person may need two carers inside their flat and three carers when out and about in the community. The case that brought this change around was the Cheshire West case. This Supreme Court judgment extended the remit of people who could be found to be deprived of their liberty and who didn’t come within the DOLS regime.

Why choose Irwin Mitchell’s Public Law & Human Rights solicitors?

Our solicitors have been involved with landmark Deprivation of Liberty cases, such as the Cheshire West case, which went to the Supreme Court and changed the law to require regular independent reviews for all people who are deprived on their liberty. This experience with the law at the highest level means we can offer you the best possible advice and representation.

We’ve also been involved in another landmark case where we secured a six-figure compensation settlement for a vulnerable man who was wrongfully deprived of his liberty. We've lawyers and accredited legal representatives across the UK with significant experience and expertise.

Lucy Clement is a senior associate and team leader in the Public Law & Human Rights department in Southampton. She has over a decade's experience working in the field of mental capacity law and community care law, working both in local government and private firms. Lucy is also an Accredited Legal Representative, which is a recognised quality standard for practitioners who offer advice on health and welfare matters under the Mental Capacity Act 2005.

Lucy can help parents/carers who are involved in Court of Protection cases concerned with the authorisation of their loved ones’ care arrangements.

We’ve offices all over the UK, offering you the chance to meet our solicitors in person to discuss your needs confidentially. If you can’t come to see us, we can arrange to meet you at an appropriate location. We work in a way that suits you, so if you prefer, we can arrange, phone or video calls.

If you’re involved with a dispute about a deprivation of liberty, get in touch with us today to find out what our Public Law & Human Rights solicitors can do for you.

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More information on deprivation of liberty

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Client Story ‐ Improving applications for deprivation of liberty

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Frequently Asked Questions

How do deprivation of liberty assessments work?

DoLS assessments decide whether deprivations of liberty are allowed to happen.

Care homes and hospitals can request an assessment for adults who don’t already have deprivation of liberty authorisation. You can also request assessment review for an adult who is currently under deprivation of liberty authorisation if you think the deprivation is unnecessary.

Assessments are carried out by a best interests assessor and a mental health assessor appointed by the relevant local authority or health board. They must not be associated with the person’s care or any other decisions about their wellbeing.

The assessment covers six questions in order to decide if the deprivation of liberty should be authorised:

  • Is the person aged 18 years or over?
  • Do they have a mental disorder?
  • Do they lack the mental capacity to make decisions about their care?
  • Is deprivation of liberty in the person’s best interests?
  • Should they be detained under the Mental Health Act 1983 instead?
  • Would authorisation conflict with any advance decision the person has made or with any decisions made by a court-appointed deputy or someone with lasting power of attorney?

If the assessors authorise a deprivation of liberty, they will decide how long the authorisation should last, up to a maximum of 12 months. Care homes and hospitals must apply for a new assessment once this authorisation runs out in order to continue the deprivation of liberty any longer.

Care home and hospitals can grant themselves urgent DoLS authorisation for 7 days without an assessment in emergencies.

What does 'lacking mental capacity' mean?

Mental capacity is defined by someone's ability to make a decision. In order to have the capacity to make a decision, someone must be able to:

  • Understand what the decision involves
  • Remember information long enough to make a decision about it
  • Use and weigh up the information to reach a decision
  • Communicate the decision.

If an adult is able to do all of these things, they have sufficient mental capacity to make a decision. They cannot be subject to a deprivation of liberty unless they agree to be.

If an adult is unable to do any of these things, they lack the mental capacity to make a decision.

Read more about how we can help people with reduced mental capacity on our Court of Protection page.

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